\[r_{3} = \frac{a}{2\ tg\ \frac{180{^\circ}}{3}} = \frac{a}{2}\ :tg\ 60{^\circ} = \frac{a}{2\sqrt{3}};\]
\[r_{6} = \frac{a}{2\ tg\ \frac{180{^\circ}}{6}} = \frac{a}{2}\ :tg\ 30{^\circ} = \frac{a\sqrt{3}}{2}.\]
\[1)\ По\ разные\ стороны\ от\ хорды:\]
\[l = r_{3} + r_{6} = \frac{a}{2\sqrt{3}} + \frac{a\sqrt{3}}{2};\]
\[l = \frac{a + 3a}{2\sqrt{3}} = \frac{4a}{2\sqrt{3}} = \frac{2a\sqrt{3}}{3}.\]
\[Ответ:\ \ \frac{2a\sqrt{3}}{3}.\]
\[2)\ По\ одну\ сторону\ от\ хорды:\]
\[l = r_{6} - r_{3} = \frac{a\sqrt{3}}{2} - \frac{a}{2\sqrt{3}};\]
\[l = \frac{3a - a}{2\sqrt{3}} = \frac{2a}{2\sqrt{3}} = \frac{a\sqrt{3}}{3}.\]
\[Ответ:\ \ \frac{a\sqrt{3}}{3}.\]