\[\boxed{\mathbf{2.}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ 5^{\sqrt{16 - x^{2}}} + 3 =\]
\[= \lg\left( 1 + \sqrt{x^{2} - 16} \right) + x\]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix} 16 - x^{2} \geq 0 \\ x^{2} - 16 \geq 0 \\ \end{matrix} \right.\ \]
\[16 - x^{2} \geq 0\]
\[x^{2} - 16 \leq 0\]
\[- 4 \leq x \leq 4.\]
\[x^{2} - 16 \geq 0\]
\[x \leq - 4;\ \ \ x \geq 4.\]
\[Решение\ системы:\]
\[x = - 4;\ \ \ x = 4.\]
\[Проверка.\]
\[x = - 4:\]
\[1 + 3 = \lg 1 - 4\]
\[4 \neq - 4\]
\[не\ подходит.\]
\[x = 4:\]
\[1 + 3 = \lg 1 + 4\]
\[4 = 4.\]
\[Ответ:x = 4.\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ 9^{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}} - 2 =\]
\[= \lg\left( 1 + \sqrt{x^{2} - 1} \right) + x\]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix} 1 - x^{2} \geq 0 \\ x^{2} - 1 \leq 0 \\ \end{matrix} \right.\ \]
\[1 - x^{2} \geq 0\]
\[x^{2} - 1 \leq 0\]
\[- 1 \leq x \leq 1.\]
\[x^{2} - 1 \geq 0\]
\[x \leq - 1;\ \ \ x \geq 1.\]
\[Решение\ системы:\]
\[x = - 1;\ \ x = 1.\]
\[Проверка.\]
\[x = - 1:\]
\[1 - 2 = \lg 1 - 1\]
\[- 1 = - 1.\]
\[x = 1:\]
\[1 - 2 = \lg 1 + 1\]
\[- 1 \neq 1.\]
\[Ответ:x = - 1.\]
\[\textbf{в)}\ \sqrt[4]{x^{3} + 8} + \sqrt[4]{x^{3} - 8} = 2\]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix} x^{3} + 8 \geq 0 \\ x^{3} - 8 \geq 0 \\ \end{matrix} \right.\ \]
\[x^{3} + 8 \geq 0\]
\[x^{3} \geq - 8\]
\[x \geq - 2.\]
\[x^{3} - 8 \geq 0\]
\[x^{3} \geq 8\]
\[x \geq 2.\]
\[M = \lbrack 2; + \infty).\]
\[Решение\ системы:\]
\[x = 2.\]
\[Проверка:\]
\[\sqrt[4]{8 + 8} + \sqrt[4]{8 - 8} = \sqrt[4]{16} = 2.\]
\[Ответ:x = 2.\]
\[\textbf{г)}\ \sqrt[6]{x^{5} - 32} + \sqrt[6]{x^{5} + 32} = 2\]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix} x^{5} - 32 \geq 0 \\ x^{5} + 32 \leq 0 \\ \end{matrix} \right.\ \]
\[x^{5} - 32 \geq 0\]
\[x^{5} \geq 32\]
\[x \geq 2.\]
\[x^{5} + 32 \geq 0\]
\[x^{5} \geq - 32\]
\[x \geq - 2.\]
\[M = \lbrack 2; + \infty).\]
\[При\ x > 2\ функция\ \sqrt[6]{x^{5} + 32}\ \]
\[принимает\ значения\ больше,\ \]
\[чем\ 2,а\ функция\ \sqrt[6]{x^{5} - 32}\ \]
\[положительна.\ Значит,\ \]
\[их\ сумма\ будет\ больше,\]
\[чем\ число\ 2.\ \]
\[Поэтому\ решением\ может\ \]
\[быть\ только\ число\ x = 2.\]
\[Решение\ системы:\]
\[x = 2.\]
\[Проверим:\]
\[0 + \sqrt[6]{64} = 2\]
\[2 = 2.\]
\[Ответ:x = 2.\]