\[a;\ b - стороны\ прямоугольника:\]
\[2a + 2b = p\]
\[a + b = \frac{p}{2}\]
\[b = \frac{p}{2} - a.\]
\[1)\ S(a) = a \bullet b = a\left( \frac{p}{2} - a \right) =\]
\[= \frac{p}{2} \bullet a - a^{2};\]
\[S^{'}(a) = \frac{p}{2} - 2a.\]
\[2)\ \frac{p}{2} - 2a \geq 0\]
\[2a \leq \frac{p}{2}\]
\[a \leq \frac{p}{4}.\]
\[3)\ a = \frac{p}{4};\]
\[{b = \frac{p}{2} - \frac{p}{4} = \frac{p}{4}. }{Ответ:\ \ квадрат\ со\ стороной\ \frac{p}{4}.}\]