\[r\ см - радиус\ основания;\]
\[\text{h\ }см - высота\ цилиндра.\]
\[1)\ Площадь\ поверхности:\]
\[S = 2\pi r^{2} + 2\pi rh = 54\pi\]
\[r^{2} + rh = 27\]
\[rh = 27 - r^{2}\]
\[h = \frac{27 - r^{2}}{r}.\]
\[2)\ V(r) = \pi r^{2} \bullet h =\]
\[= \pi r^{2} \bullet \frac{27 - r^{2}}{r} =\]
\[= \pi r \bullet \left( 27 - r^{2} \right) = 27\pi r - \pi r^{3}.\]
\[V^{'}(r) = 27\pi - \pi \bullet 3r^{2} =\]
\[= 3\pi\left( 9 - r^{2} \right).\]
\[3)\ Промежуток\ возрастания:\]
\[9 - r^{2} \geq 0\]
\[(r + 3)(r - 3) \leq 0\]
\[- 3 \leq r \leq 3.\]
\[4)\ Точка\ максимума:\]
\[V(3) = 27\pi \bullet 3 - \pi \bullet 3^{3} =\]
\[= 81\pi - 27\pi = 54\pi.\]
\[Ответ:\ \ 54\pi\ см^{3}.\]