\[\frac{36}{x + 15}\ ч - шел\ катер;\]
\[\left( \frac{36}{x + 15} + 10 \right)\ \ ч - шел\ плот.\]
\[x = \frac{36}{\frac{36}{x + 15} + 10}\]
\[x = \frac{36}{\frac{36 + 10 \cdot (x + 15)}{x + 15}}\]
\[x = \frac{36 \cdot (x + 15)}{36 + 10x + 150}\]
\[x = \frac{36x + 540}{10x + 186}\]
\[x(10x + 186) = 36x + 540\]
\[10x^{2} + 186x - 36x - 540 = 0\]
\[10x^{2} + 150x - 540 = 0\ \ \ \ \ \ |\ :10\]
\[x^{2} + 15x - 54 = 0\]
\[D = 15^{2} - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot ( - 54) =\]
\[= 225 + 216 = 441;\ \ \ \sqrt{D} = 21.\]
\[x_{1} = \frac{- 15 + 21}{2} = \frac{6}{2} = 3\]
\[x_{2} = \frac{- 15 - 21}{2} = \frac{- 36}{2} =\]
\[= - 18\ \ (не\ подходит).\]
\[Ответ:\ 3\ \frac{км}{ч.}\]