\[\boxed{\mathbf{3.}}\]
\[1)\ 2\ дес. = 20.\]
\[x + 20 = 30\]
\[x = 30 - 20\]
\[x = 10 - задуманное\ число.\]
\[2)\ 2\ ед.\ = 2.\]
\[x + 2 = 50\]
\[x = 50 - 2\]
\[x = 48 - задуманное\ число.\]