\[\boxed{\mathbf{1.}}\]
\[3 + \frac{5}{8} = 3\frac{5}{8}\]
\[\frac{7}{12} + \frac{4}{12} = \frac{11}{12}\]
\[\frac{1}{6} + \frac{5}{6} = \frac{6}{6} = 1\]
\[1 - \frac{3}{10} = \frac{10}{10} - \frac{3}{10} = \frac{7}{10}\]
\[6\frac{8}{11} - 4\frac{2}{11} = 2\frac{6}{11}\]
\[2\frac{5}{14} + 1\frac{9}{14} = 3\frac{14}{14} = 4\]
\[5\frac{6}{7} + 3\frac{4}{7} = 8 + \frac{11}{7} = 8 + 1\frac{4}{7} =\]
\[= 9\frac{4}{7}\]
\[4\frac{1}{9} - 1\frac{5}{9} = 3\frac{10}{9} - 1\frac{5}{9} = 2\frac{5}{9}\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{2.}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\frac{23}{4} = 5\frac{3}{4}\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ 3\frac{1}{6} = \frac{19}{6}\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{3.}}\]
\[7 - \left( x + 1\frac{3}{5} \right) = 2\frac{4}{5}\]
\[x + 1\frac{3}{5} = 7 - 2\frac{4}{5}\]
\[x + 1\frac{3}{5} = 6\frac{5}{5} - 2\frac{4}{5}\]
\[x + 1\frac{3}{5} = 4\frac{1}{5}\]
\[x = 4\frac{1}{5} - 1\frac{3}{5}\]
\[x = 3\frac{6}{5} - 1\frac{3}{5}\]
\[x = 2\frac{3}{5}.\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{4.}}\]
\[1 - все\ деревья.\]
\[1)\ 1 - \left( \frac{8}{15} + \frac{4}{15} \right) = \frac{15}{15} - \frac{12}{15} =\]
\[= \frac{3}{15}\ (часть) - составляют\ \]
\[сливы.\]
\[2)\ 12\ :3 \cdot 15 = 60\ (деревьев) -\]
\[всего\ в\ саду.\]
\[3)\ 60\ :15 \cdot 8 = 32\ (яблони) -\]
\[в\ саду.\]
\[4)\ 60\ :15 \cdot 4 = 16\ (груш) -\]
\[в\ саду.\ \]
\[Ответ:60\ деревьев;\]
\[\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 32\ яблони\ и\ 16\ груш.\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{5.}}\]
\(43\ 062 - y\ :530\)
\[y = 426\ 120:\]
\[43\ 062 - 426\ 120\ :530 =\]
\[= 42\ 258\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{6.}}\]
\[(n\ :30 \cdot 100 - n)\ :4\ (дет.\ в\ ч) -\]
\[должен\ делать\ мастер.\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{7.}}\]
\[3,\ 30,\ 330,\ 3600,\ 39\ 000,\ 420\ 000.\]