\[\boxed{\mathbf{2}\mathbf{.}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ 30 + 50 = 80\]
\[60 - 40 = 20\]
\[80 - 30 = 50\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ 40 + 40 - 20 = 80 - 20 =\]
\[= 60\]
\[70 - 50 + 30 = 20 + 30 = 50\]
\[30 + 60 - 80 = 90 - 80 = 10\]
\[60 - (20 + 30) = 60 - 50 = 10\]
\[50 + (80 - 60) = 50 + 20 = 70\]
\[(90 - 70) + 40 = 20 + 40 = 60\]