\[\boxed{\mathbf{1.}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ 6 \cdot 7 = 42\]
\[42\ :7 = 6\]
\[42\ :6 = 7\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ n + 4 = c\]
\[c - 4 = n\]
\[c - n = 4\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{2.}}\]
\[x + 3974 = 503\ 400\]
\[x = 503\ 400 - 3974\]
\[x = 499\ 426.\]
\[Проверка:\]
\[499\ 426 + 3974 = 530\ 400\]
\[503\ 400 = 503\ 400.\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{3.}}\]
\[80 \cdot 1250 = 100\ 000\]
\[80 = 80 \cdot 1\]
\[80 \cdot 200 = 16\ 000\]
\[164\ 800 = 80 \cdot 2060\]
\[80 \cdot 0 = 0\]
\[80 \cdot 4000 = 320\ 000\]
\[80 \cdot 3090 = 247\ 200\]
\[240 = 80 \cdot 3\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{4.}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ 1 \cdot a = a\]
\[при\ a - любое\ число.\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ 0 \cdot n = 4\]
\[нет\ таких\ n.\]
\[\textbf{в)}\ (k - 5) \cdot 9 = 0\]
\[при\ k = 5.\]
\[\textbf{г)}\ 3 > 12 - b\]
\[при\ b = 12;\ \ 11;\ \ 10.\ \]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{5.}}\]
\[\left\{ 50;53;55;30;33;35 \right\}.\]