\[\boxed{\text{55\ (55).}\text{\ }\text{Еуроки\ -\ ДЗ\ без\ мороки}}\]
\[1)\ 0,1x = b\]
\[Пусть\ b = 10:\ \ \]
\[0,1x = 10\ \ \]
\[x = \frac{10}{0,1} = 100.\]
\[2)\ bx = 21\ \ \]
\[x = \frac{21}{b}\]
\[Пусть\ b = 3:\ \ \]
\[x = \frac{21}{3} = 7.\]
\[3)\ \frac{1}{6}x = b\ \ \]
\[x = 6b\]
\[Пусть\ b = 2:\ \]
\[\ x = 6 \cdot 2 = 12.\]
\[4)\ bx = \frac{1}{6}\text{\ \ \ \ }\]
\[x = \frac{1}{6b}\]
\[Пусть\ b = \frac{1}{6}:\ \]
\[x = \frac{6}{6} = 1.\]
\[\boxed{\text{55.}\text{\ }\text{Еуроки\ -\ ДЗ\ без\ мороки}}\]
\[1)\ 12 \cdot 20\ 500 \cdot 0,1 = 12 \cdot 2050 =\]
\[= 24\ 600\ (р.) - заплатит\ \]
\[Николай.\]
\[2)\ 24\ 600 - 20\ 500 = 4100\ (р.) -\]
\[заплатит\ больше.\]
\[Ответ:на\ \ 4100\ рублей.\]