\[\boxed{\mathbf{17}\mathbf{.}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ (x - 1)\left( x^{2} + 1 \right)\left( x^{4} + 1 \right) =\]
\[= x^{7}\ \ | \cdot (x + 1)\]
\[\left( x^{2} - 1 \right)\left( x^{2} + 1 \right)\left( x^{4} + 1 \right) =\]
\[= x^{7}(x + 1)\]
\[\left( x^{4} - 1 \right)\left( x^{4} + 1 \right) = x^{8} + x^{7}\]
\[x^{8} - 1 = x^{8} + x^{7}\]
\[x^{7} = - 1\]
\[x = - 1.\]
\[Ответ:x = - 1.\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ (x + 1)\left( x^{2} + 1 \right)\left( x^{4} + 1 \right) =\]
\[= x^{7}\ \ \ | \cdot (x - 1)\]
\[\left( x^{2} - 1 \right)\left( x^{2} + 1 \right)\left( x^{4} + 1 \right) =\]
\[= x^{7}(x - 1)\]
\[\left( x^{4} - 1 \right)\left( x^{4} + 1 \right) = x^{8} - x^{7}\]
\[x^{8} - 1 = x^{8} - x^{7}\]
\[x^{7} = 1\]
\[x = 1.\]
\[Ответ:x = 1.\]