\[\boxed{\mathbf{20.}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ y = \frac{x^{2} - 2x + 4}{x^{2} - 3x + 8} + \frac{x^{2} + 2x + 4}{x^{2} + 3x + 8}\]
\[y( - x) =\]
\[= \frac{x^{2} + 2x + 4}{x^{2} + 3x + 8} + \frac{x^{2} - 2x + 4}{x^{2} - 3x + 8} =\]
\[= y(x).\]
\[Функция\ четная.\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ y = \frac{x^{2} + 5x + 1}{x^{2} - 7x + 1} - \frac{x^{2} - 5x + 1}{x^{2} + 7x + 1}\]
\[y( - x) =\]
\[= \frac{x^{2} - 5x + 1}{x^{2} + 7x + 1} - \frac{x^{2} + 5x + 1}{x^{2} - 7x + 1} =\]
\[= - \left( \frac{x^{2} + 5x + 1}{x^{2} - 7x + 1} - \frac{x^{2} - 5x + 1}{x^{2} + 7x + 1} \right) =\]
\[= - y(x).\]
\[Функция\ нечетная.\]