\[a,\ b,\ c,\ d - данные\ числа:\]
\[a + d = 16;\]
\[b + c = 12;\]
\[a = 16 - d;\]
\[c = 12 - b.\]
\[1)\ Арифметическая\ прогрессия:\]
\[c = \frac{b + d}{2}\]
\[2c = b + d\]
\[2(12 - b) = b + d\]
\[24 - 2b = b + d\]
\[d = 24 - 3b;\]
\[a = 16 - 24 + 3b = 3b - 8.\]
\[2)\ Геометрическая\ прогрессия:\]
\[b = \sqrt{\text{ac}}\]
\[b^{2} = (3b - 8)(12 - b)\]
\[b^{2} = 36b - 3b^{2} - 96 + 8b\]
\[4b^{2} - 44b + 96 = 0\]
\[b^{2} - 11b + 24 = 0\]
\[D = 121 - 96 = 25\]
\[b_{1} = \frac{11 - 5}{2} = 3;\]
\[b_{2} = \frac{11 + 5}{2} = 8.\]
\[a_{1} = 9 - 8 = 1;\]
\[a_{2} = 24 - 8 = 16.\]
\[c_{1} = 12 - 3 = 9;\]
\[c_{2} = 12 - 8 = 4.\]
\[d_{1} = 24 - 9 = 15;\]
\[d_{2} = 24 - 24 = 0.\]
\[Ответ:\ \ 1,\ 3,\ 9,\ 15\ или\ 16,\ 8,\ 4,\ 0.\]