\[1)\ i^{5} + i^{3} + i^{7} =\]
\[= i^{4} \bullet i + i^{2} \bullet i + i^{6} \bullet i =\]
\[= \left( i^{2} \right)^{2} \bullet i + i^{2} \bullet i + \left( i^{2} \right)^{3} \bullet i =\]
\[= ( - 1)^{2} \bullet i + ( - 1) \bullet i + ( - 1)^{3} \bullet i =\]
\[= i - i - i = - i.\]
\[2)\ i^{4} + i^{6} + i^{8} =\]
\[= \left( i^{2} \right)^{2} + \left( i^{2} \right)^{3} + \left( i^{2} \right)^{4} =\]
\[= ( - 1)^{2} + ( - 1)^{3} + ( - 1)^{4} =\]
\[= 1 - 1 + 1 = 1.\]