\[\boxed{\mathbf{551}\mathbf{.}}\]
\[1)\ \frac{\sin\left( \frac{\pi}{4} + a \right) - \cos\left( \frac{\pi}{4} + a \right)}{\sin\left( \frac{\pi}{4} + a \right) + \cos\left( \frac{\pi}{4} + a \right)} =\]
\[= \frac{\sqrt{2}\sin a}{\sqrt{2}\cos a} = \frac{\sin a}{\cos a} = tg\ a\]
\[2)\ \frac{\sin\left( \frac{\pi}{4} - a \right) + \cos\left( \frac{\pi}{4} - a \right)}{\sin{\left( \frac{\pi}{4} - a \right) - \cos\left( \frac{\pi}{4} - a \right)}} =\]
\[= \frac{\sqrt{2}\cos a}{- \sqrt{2}\sin a} = - \frac{\cos a}{\sin a} = - ctg\ a\]