\[\boxed{\mathbf{174}.}\]
\[1)\ a_{1} = 15;\ \ a_{8} = - 6:\]
\[a_{8} = a_{1} + d(n - 1) = a_{1} + 7d\]
\[15 + 7d = - 6\]
\[7d = - 21\]
\[d = - 3.\]
\[2)\ a_{1} = - 3;\ \ a_{11} = 2:\]
\[a_{11} = a_{1} + 10d\]
\[- 3 + 10d = 2\]
\[10d = 5\]
\[d = 0,5.\]