\[(y - 4)(y + 2) - (y - 2)^{2} =\]
\[= y^{2} + 2y - 4y - 8 - \left( y^{2} - 4y + 4 \right) =\]
\[= y² - 2y - 8 - y^{2} + 4y - 4 = 2y - 12\]