\[ \text{а)} \ \begin{aligned} &\frac{8}{12}=\frac{2}{3}, \ \frac{12}{16}=\frac{3}{4}, \ \frac{12}{18}=\frac{2}{3}, \ \frac{24}{40}=\frac{3}{5}, \ \frac{18}{27}=\frac{2}{3}, \ \frac{20}{70}=\frac{2}{7}, \ \frac{8}{36}=\frac{2}{9}, \ \frac{30}{75}=\frac{2}{5}. \end{aligned} \]