\[\boxed{\text{4.\ 231}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ 8 - ( - 5) = 8 + 5 = 13\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ 11 - ( - 16) = 11 + 16 = 27\]
\[\textbf{в)}\ 19 - ( - 19) = 19 + 19 = 38\]
\[\textbf{г)} - 15 - ( - 15) =\]
\[= - 15 + 15 = 0\]
\[\textbf{д)} - 10 - ( - 11) = - 10 + 11 =\]
\[= 1\]
\[\textbf{е)} - 34 - ( - 35) = - 34 + 35 =\]
\[= 1\]
\[\textbf{ж)} - 32 - ( - 28) = - 32 + 28 =\]
\[= - 4\]
\[\textbf{з)} - 56 - ( - 44) = - 56 + 44 =\]
\[= - 8\]
\[\textbf{и)}\ 1 - 3 = - 2\]
\[к)\ 7 - 12 = - 5\]
\[л)\ - 5 - 5 = - 10\]
\[м) - 28 - 8 = - 36\]