\[\boxed{\mathbf{6.83}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ 3 \cdot (x + 4) = 7 \cdot (x - 2) + 12\]
\[3x + 12 = 7x - 14 + 12\]
\[3x - 7x = - 2 - 12\]
\[- 4x = - 14\]
\[x = \frac{14}{4} = \frac{7}{2}\]
\[x = 3,5.\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ 4 \cdot (x - 1) + 2x =\]
\[= 5 \cdot (2 - x) + 19\]
\[4x - 4 + 2x = 10 - 5x + 19\]
\[6x + 5x = 29 + 4\]
\[11x = 33\]
\[x = 3.\]