\[\boxed{\text{4.\ 257}}\]
\[\textbf{а)} - 4\frac{1}{3} - \left( - 2\frac{7}{9} \right) =\]
\[= - 4\frac{3}{9} + 2\frac{7}{9} = - \left( 3\frac{12}{9} - 2\frac{7}{9} \right) =\]
\[= - 1\frac{5}{9}\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ 5\frac{2}{7} - 6\frac{5}{14} = 5\frac{4}{14} - 6\frac{5}{14} =\]
\[= - 1\frac{1}{14}\]
\[\textbf{в)} - 2\frac{3}{16} + \frac{5}{8} = - \left( 1\frac{19}{16} - \frac{10}{16} \right) =\]
\[= - 1\frac{9}{16}\]
\[\textbf{г)}\ \frac{3}{5} - 0,9 = 0,6 - 0,9 = - 0,3\]
\[\textbf{д)} - \frac{17}{30} - ( - 0,6) = - \frac{17}{30} + \frac{6}{10} =\]
\[= - \frac{17}{30} + \frac{18}{30} = \frac{1}{30}\]
\[\textbf{е)} - 5,1 - 3\frac{1}{7} = - \left( 5\frac{1}{10} + 3\frac{1}{7} \right) =\]
\[= - \left( 5\frac{7}{70} + 3\frac{10}{70} \right) = - 8\frac{17}{70}\]
\[\textbf{ж)}\ 12,5 - 7\frac{3}{4} = 12,5 - 7,75 =\]
\[= 4,75\]
\[\textbf{з)} - 3\frac{1}{7} - ( - 4,2) = - 3\frac{1}{7} + 4\frac{1}{5} =\]
\[= 4\frac{7}{35} - 3\frac{5}{35} = 1\frac{2}{35}\]