\[\boxed{\mathbf{4.}\mathbf{152}}\]
\[\textbf{а)} - 5 + x = - 1\]
\[x = - 1 - ( - 5)\]
\[x = - 1 + 5\]
\[x = 4.\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ x + ( - 4) = 1\]
\[x = 1 - ( - 4)\]
\[x = 1 + 4\]
\[x = 5.\]
\[\textbf{в)}\ 3 + x = - 2\]
\[x = - 2 - 3\]
\[x = - 5.\]
\[\textbf{г)}\ x + 2 = - 2\]
\[x = - 2 - 2\]
\[x = - 4.\ \]