\[\boxed{\mathbf{1.}}\]
\[1 = \frac{4}{4}\]
\[2 = \frac{8}{4}\]
\[5 = \frac{20}{4}\]
\[12 = \frac{48}{4}\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{2.}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ 2\frac{3}{4} = \frac{4 \cdot 2 + 3}{4} = \frac{11}{4}\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ 4\frac{1}{3} = \frac{3 \cdot 4 + 1}{3} = \frac{13}{3}\]
\[3\frac{4}{7} = \frac{7 \cdot 3 + 4}{7} = \frac{25}{7}\]
\[1\frac{7}{8} = \frac{8 \cdot 1 + 7}{8} = \frac{15}{8}\]
\[2\frac{12}{15} = \frac{15 \cdot 2 + 12}{15} = \frac{42}{15}\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{3.}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ a\ :100 \cdot 80\ (спортсменов) -\]
\[получили\ призы.\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ b\ :4 \cdot 3\ (учеников) -\]
\[купили\ билеты.\]
\[\textbf{в)}\ 15\ :c = \frac{15}{c}\ (часть) - всех\ \]
\[мест\ занята.\]
\[\textbf{г)}\ d\ :5 \cdot 9 - d\ (км) -\]
\[осталось\ пройти.\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{4.}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ 2490 \cdot m\]
\[m = 486:\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ 14\ 109\ 400\ :k\]
\[k = 235:\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{5.}}\]
\[5\frac{7}{4} = 6\frac{3}{4}\]
\[4\frac{5}{9} = 3\frac{14}{9}\]
\[8 = 7\frac{5}{5}\]