\[\boxed{\mathbf{1.}}\]
\[Встречное\ движение:\]
\[s = v_{сбл} \cdot t\]
\[v_{сбл} = v_{1} + v_{2}\]
\[Движение\ вдогонку:\]
\[s = v_{сбл} \cdot t\]
\[v_{сбл} = v_{1} - v_{2}\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{2.}}\]
\[40\ :(9 - 7) = 20\ (с) - синица\]
\[догонит\ вороья.\]
\[Ответ:через\ 20\ с.\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{3.}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ s = (a - b) \cdot 4\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ t = s\ :(a - b)\]
\[\textbf{в)}\ t = s\ :(a + b)\]
\[\textbf{г)}\ d_{3} = s - (a + b) \cdot 3\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{4.}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ A\left( \frac{6}{8} \right);\ \ B\left( 1\frac{1}{8} \right);\ \ \]
\[C\left( 2\frac{7}{8} \right);\ \ D\left( 3\frac{3}{8} \right).\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ \left( 1\frac{1}{8} + 2\frac{7}{8} \right) - \left( 3\frac{3}{8} - \frac{6}{8} \right) =\]
\[= 3\frac{8}{8} - \left( 2\frac{11}{8} - \frac{6}{8} \right) =\]
\[= 3\frac{8}{8} - 2\frac{5}{8} = 1\frac{3}{8}.\]
\[\boxed{\mathbf{5.}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ \ v_{2} = b\ :4 + n\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ d_{3} = a\ :(y - x) \cdot 5\]