\[\boxed{\text{283.}\text{\ }\text{Еуроки\ -\ ДЗ\ без\ мороки}}\]
\[1)\ x \cdot 42 = 500 - 38\]
\[x \cdot 42 = 462\]
\[x = 462\ :42\]
\[x = 11.\]
\[2)\ x \cdot 3 = 135 + 450\]
\[x \cdot 3 = 585\]
\[x = 585\ :3\]
\[x = 195.\]