\[\boxed{\mathbf{315.}}\]
\[\textbf{а)}\ 2,\ 3,\ 4\ \ и\ 6,\ 7,\ 8\]
\[Рассеивание\ одинаковое.\]
\[1)\ \ \overline{x} = \frac{2 + 3 + 4}{3} = \frac{9}{3} = 3;\]
\[(2 - 3)^{2} = 1;\]
\[(3 - 3)^{2} = 0;\]
\[(4 - 3)^{2} = 1.\]
\[Дисперсия:\]
\[\frac{1 + 0 + 1}{3} = \frac{2}{3}.\]
\[2)\ \ \overline{x} = \frac{6 + 7 + 8}{3} = \frac{21}{3} = 7.\]
\[(6 - 7)^{2} = 1;\]
\[(7 - 7)^{2} = 0;\]
\[(8 - 7)^{2} = 1.\]
\[Ответ:дисперсии\ равны.\]
\[\textbf{б)}\ 3,\ 5,\ 7,\ 9\ \ и\ \ 12,\ 14,\ 16,\ 18\]
\[Рассеивание\ одинаковое.\]
\[1)\ \ \overline{x} = \frac{3 + 5 + 7 + 9}{4} = \frac{24}{4} = 6;\]
\[(3 - 6)^{2} = 9;\]
\[(5 - 6)^{2} = 1;\]
\[(7 - 6)^{2} = 1;\]
\[(9 - 6)^{2} = 9.\]
\[Дисперсия:\]
\[\frac{9 + 1 + 1 + 9}{4} = \frac{20}{4} = 5.\]
\[2)\ \ \overline{x} = \frac{12 + 14 + 16 + 18}{4} =\]
\[= \frac{60}{4} = 15;\]
\[(12 - 15)^{2} = 9;\]
\[(14 - 15)^{2} = 1;\]
\[(16 - 15)^{2} = 1;\]
\[(18 - 15)^{2} = 9.\]
\[Дисперсия:\]
\[\frac{9 + 1 + 1 + 9}{4} = \frac{20}{4} = 5.\]
\[Ответ:дисперсии\ равны.\]