\[\boxed{\text{237\ (237).}\text{\ }\text{Еуроки\ -\ ДЗ\ без\ мороки}}\]
\[1)\ 100^{5}\ :1000^{2} =\]
\[= \left( 10^{2} \right)^{5}\ :\left( 10^{3} \right)^{2} = 10^{10\ }:10^{6} =\]
\[= 10^{4} = 10\ 000\]
\[2)\ \frac{3^{10} \cdot \left( 3^{3} \right)^{5}}{\left( 3^{5} \right)^{4} \cdot 3} = \frac{3^{10} \cdot 3^{15}}{3^{20} \cdot 3} =\]
\[= \frac{3^{25}}{3^{21}} = 3^{4} = 81\]
\[3)\ \frac{4^{3} \cdot 16^{2}}{2^{12}} = \frac{\left( 2^{2} \right)^{3} \cdot \left( 2^{4} \right)^{2}}{2^{12}} =\]
\[= \frac{2^{6} \cdot 2^{8}}{2^{12}} = \frac{2^{14}}{2^{12}} = 2^{2} = 4\]
\[4)\ \frac{45^{10}}{5^{8} \cdot 3^{19}} = \frac{\left( 5 \cdot 3^{2} \right)^{10}}{5^{8} \cdot 3^{19}} =\]
\[= \frac{5^{10} \cdot 3^{20}}{5^{8} \cdot 3^{19}} = 5^{2} \cdot 3 = 25 \cdot 3 =\]
\[= 75\]