\[\boxed{\mathbf{178}.}\]
\[1)\ a_{11} = 13;\ \ a_{13} = 7:\]
\[a_{12} = \frac{a_{11} + a_{13}}{2} = \frac{13 + 7}{2} = 10.\]
\[d = a_{13} - a_{12} = 7 - 10 = - 3.\]
\[a_{11} = a_{1} + 10d\]
\[a_{1} = a_{11} - 10d\]
\[a_{1} = 13 - 10 \cdot ( - 3) = 43.\]
\[2)\ a_{11} = - 14;\ \ a_{13} = - 6:\]
\[a_{12} = \frac{a_{11} + a_{13}}{2} =\]
\[= \frac{- 14 - 6}{2} = - 10.\]
\[d = a_{13} - a_{12} = - 6 + 10 = 4.\]
\[a_{11} = a_{1} + 10d\]
\[a_{1} = a_{11} - 10d\]
\[a_{1} = - 14 - 10 \cdot 4 = - 54.\]