\[5ab + 10a^{2} = 5a\left( b + \frac{10}{5}a^{2 - 1} \right) =\]
\[= 5a(b + 2a)\]
\[Проверка:\ \]
\[5a(b + 2a) = 5ab + 10a^{1 + 1}\]
\[5ab + 10a^{2} = 5ab + 10a^{2}\]
\[верно.\]