\[a_{8} + a_{6} = 16;\ \ a_{2} - a_{12} = - 36;\]
\[a_{1} + 7d + a_{1} + 5d = 16\]
\[2a_{1} + 12d = 16\ \ \ |\ :2\]
\[a_{1} + 6d = 8\]
\[a_{1} = 8 - 6d.\]
\[\left( a_{1} + d \right) - \left( a_{1} + 11d \right) = - 36\]
\[a_{1} + d - a_{1} - 11d = - 36\]
\[- 10d = - 36\]
\[d = 3,6.\]
\[a_{1} = 8 - 6d = 8 - 6 \cdot 3,6 = - 13,6.\]
\[Ответ:a_{1} = - 13,6;\ \ d = 3,6.\]