\[x^{4} - 5x^{2} + 4 = 0\]
\[Пусть\ x^{2} = a:\]
\[a^{2} - 5a + 4 = 0\]
\[a_{1} + a_{2} = 5;\ \ \ a_{1} \cdot a_{2} = 4\]
\[a_{1} = 4;\ \ \ a_{2} = 1.\]
\[Подставим:\]
\[1)\ x^{2} = 4\]
\[x = \pm 2.\]
\[2)\ x^{2} = 1\]
\[x = \pm 1.\]
\[Ответ:\ \ x = \pm 1;\ \ x = \pm 2.\]