\[ab^{5} - b^{5} - ab^{3} + b^{3} =\]
\[= b^{5}(a - 1) - b^{3}(a - 1) =\]
\[= (a - 1)\left( b^{5} - b^{3} \right) = b^{3}\left( b^{2} - 1 \right)(a - 1) =\]
\[= b^{3}(b - 1)(b + 1)(a - 1)\]