\[ab - ac - 4b + 4c =\]
\[= a(b - c) - 4 \cdot (b - c) =\]
\[= (b - c)(a - 4).\]
\[Проверка:\]
\[(b - c)(a - 4) =\]
\[= ab - 4b - ac + 4c =\]
\[= ab - ac - 4b + 4c.\]