\[ab + ac - 4b - 4c =\]
\[= a(b + c) - 4 \cdot (b + c) =\]
\[= (b + c)(a - 4)\]
\[Проверка:\]
\[(b + c)(a - 4) =\]
\[= ab + ac - 4b - 4c\]
\[\Longrightarrow верно.\]