\[Пусть\ \text{x\ }и\ y - два\ натуральных\ числа.\]
\[xy = 187;\]
\[x^{2} + y^{2} = 410.\]
\[Составим\ систему\ уравнения:\]
\[\left\{ \begin{matrix} xy = 187\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\ x^{2} + y^{2} = 410 \\ \end{matrix} \right.\ \text{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ }\left\{ \begin{matrix} x = \frac{187}{y}\text{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ } \\ \left( \frac{187}{y} \right)^{2} + y^{2} = 410 \\ \end{matrix} \right.\ \]
\[y^{4} - 410y^{2} + 187^{2} = 0\]
\[y^{2} = t:\]
\[t^{2} - 410t + 34\ 969 = 0\]
\[D = 42\ 025 - 34\ 969 = 7\ 056 = 84²\]
\[t_{1} = 205 + 84 = 289;\]
\[t_{2} = 205 - 84 = 121.\]
\[1)\ y^{2} = 289\]
\[y = 17;\ \ x = 11.\]
\[2)\ y^{2} = 121\]
\[y = 11;\ \ x = 17.\]
\[Ответ:числа\ 11\ и\ 17.\]