\[(2a + 1)^{2} - (a - 9)^{2} =\]
\[= \left( 2a + 1 - (a - 9) \right)\left( 2a + 1 + (a - 9) \right) =\]
\[= (2a + 1 - a + 9)(2a + 1 + a - 9) =\]
\[= (a + 10)(3a - 8).\]